NB-IoT

Narrowband Internet of Things

Services

Introduced in Rel-13

Low-power wide-area network technology for IoT devices with long battery life.

Description

Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology designed for IoT applications requiring low data rates, extended coverage, and extremely long battery life (up to 10 years).

NB-IoT uses only 180 kHz bandwidth and can be deployed in-band (within LTE carrier), guard-band (in LTE guard bands), or standalone (in refarmed GSM spectrum). It supports massive numbers of devices with simplified protocol stack.

Purpose & Motivation

NB-IoT was introduced to:

- Enable massive IoT deployments (smart meters, sensors, trackers) - Provide 20+ dB coverage improvement over GPRS - Support 10+ year battery life with PSM and eDRX - Reduce device complexity and cost

Key Features

  • 180 kHz bandwidth
  • 20 dB coverage enhancement
  • PSM and eDRX for power saving
  • In-band, guard-band, standalone deployment
  • Simplified protocol stack
  • 10+ year battery life

Evolution Across Releases

Rel-13Initial

Initial NB-IoT with DL 26 kbps, UL 62 kbps peak rates

Enhanced coverage, positioning, multicast, higher data rates

TDD support, wake-up signal, improved mobility

NB-IoT/eMTC coexistence with NR, satellite support

Defining Specifications

SpecificationTitle
Physical Channels and Modulation
Physical Layer Procedures
RRC Protocol Specification
Architecture for MTC